1. The Earth in the Universe Astronomy Visual Dictionary.Definitions, images and pronunciation for almost everything in celestial bodies, astronomical observations and astronautics.
 Eath and Space.Excellent anvanced presentation on the Universe, the stars, the Sun, the planets of the Solar system, the Moon, eclipses, seasons, black holes, comets, asteroids, meteorites and space exploration.
 Cosmos4kids.com.The Universe, the galaxies, the stars, the Solar System, and more.
Journey through the galaxy.A very comprehensive and well organized overview of the Solar System, the stars, the galaxies… Basic course of Astronomy.The University of Hong Kong provides a short introduction to all major topics in Astronomy: History, planets, stars, black holes, eclipses and more. Brief history of Astronomy.This a chapter from the previous website, that explains how our ancestors interpreted the Universe across time. Top 10 moments in Astronomy.From Galileo's first use of the telescope to the discovery of the Big Bang. The top 10 failed NASA missions.A look back at the top 10 American space missions that didnt made it. Living in space.20 things you probably didn't know about living in space. How long would it take to walk a light-year?To read carefully if you are used to plan weird backpacker summer trips.  PlanetQuest.An historic timeline of Mankind's awareness and discovery of other planets. A most excellent resource by NASA.
 Apollo 11.Google Earth Tour that describes the landing, moon walks, and the return to space of Apollo 11 with excellent visual aids and great narrations.
The Apollo missions on the WikiPedia.Don't forget to check the links to the Apollo 11 and Apollo 13 missions. Satellites.Learn how satellites stay in orbit around the Earth. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Uses of satellites.Learn some uses of artificial satellites. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Ten amazing telescopes.A look at 10 of the most amazing telescopes of our time, including several that are still on the drawing board and promise to reveal images of the Big Bang itself.  NASA images.A wonderful collection of images taken by many of the NASA spacecrafts since 1958. You can browse them either by category or by spacecraft.
The International Space Station turns 10.A great collection of 32 high quality photos of the IIS, compiled for its tenth birthday. The atlas of the Universe.Nine maps, the first one showing the nearest stars. The others slowly expand out until we have reached the scale of the entire visible Universe.  Powers of ten.A classic movie that shows the amazingly huge size of the Universe parting from a small square one metre long.
 How big is the Universe?Get a rough idea with just one simple stunning image.
Hubble Space Telescope Advent Calendar 2008.A collection of 25 high quality photos of the Universe from the amazing Hubble Space Telescope. Hubble telescope image tours.Some of the most important and famous images taken by the Hubble explained in detail. Visiting this site is a must. Hubble telescope picture album.The entire collection of the images taken by the Hubble classified in categories. Observe the view of the night sky from the same location over a year.Visualize an animation that shows how the night sky changes along the year at Exploring Earth online book. The night sky.Great site to interactively learn to identify stars and constellations in the night sky. One thousand billion worlds.360-degree panoramic image, covering the whole of the vault of heaven. The end of a star.Animation showing the processes that take place at the end of the life of a high mass star. Anatomy of a black hole.Animation showing how a black hole is formed and how is it. The Solar System.Great interactive animation showing the structure, the movements and the basic data of the Solar System bodies. Spin around the Solar System.A simple animation showing the process of formation of the Solar System. Observe the origin of the Solar System.Visualize an animation showing the origin of the Solar System from a nebula at Exploring Earth online book. Year length.Understand why planets further from the Sun have a longer year. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Gravity and the Solar System.Understand how the movement of planets and comets around the Sun is related to gravitational forces. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Wikijunior Solar System.Wikipedia's Wikijunior online book on the Solar System. Comprehensive, aimed to kids, but still unfinished. Wikipedia: Solar System.Wikipedia's article on the Solar System. Very up to date. NASA: Solar System exploration.Full information on the Solar System offered by the scientists from the NASA. Catalog of spaceborne imaging.Images of the Solar System bodies taken by the NASA missions. Ten mysteries of the Solar System.Some of the most intriguing facts in our stellar system. The Sun in Cosmos4kids.com.Sun's structure, energy and influence on the Earth. The Big Picture: the Sun.A collection of some of the most amazing photos ever taken of our star. The Sun's reach.Learn some basic facts about our star and its future. Revolving planets.Amazing animation showing the movements of the planets from different perspectives. Saturn.Sensational images of Saturn showing the ringed planet in incredible detail. The Big Picture: Saturn at equinox.During the equinox, the sunlight casts long shadows across Saturn's rings, highlighting previously known phenomena and revealing a few never-before seen images. The Big Picture: Martian skies.A wonderful selection of some of the best martian images ever made. Landscapes of Mars.Stunning satellite images of the Red Planet reveal avalanches, sand dunes and more. Examine evidence of Earth turning about an axis.Visualize an animation that demonstrates that the Earth rotates around itself at Exploring Earth online book. Explore a model of Earth's daily rotation.Visualize an animation that shows how the Earth rotates around itself at Exploring Earth online book. Day and night.Understand how the movement of the Earth causes day and night and the apparent daily movement of the Sun. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Investigation: What time is it?A great series of activities to learn why and where it is daytime or night-time in any given moment.  Earth view.Want to know how the Earth looks like right now?
Explore a model of Earth's yearly revolution around the Sun.Visualize an animation showing how the Earth revolves around the Sun at Exploring Earth online book. The Seasons and day length.Understand how the tilt and movement of the Earth causes the seasons. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. The Seasons in Geography4kids.Learn how the relative position of the Earth to the Sun conditions the climate and the daylength. NASA's view of Earth.Selected collection of photos on the Earth taken by NASA's space missions. Impact craters on Earth.Photos of some of the most amazing craters left by meteoroids in our planet. Examine Earth from a new perspective.Observe the Earth's maps of temperatures, volcanoes, earthquakes, water vapor and more, at Exploring Earth online book. Observe a visual model of Earth's spheres.Visualize the Earth system as a set of four overlapping and interacting spheres, at Exploring Earth online book. Investigation: How are Earth's spheres interacting?A great series of activities to study how the four spheres of the Earth interact, at Exploring Earth online book. Ten things you don't know about the Earth.Fantastic article that unravels some of the most significant facts about our planet... or did you already know that the Everest is not the biggest mountain? What makes Earth special compared to other planets.A number of very special features are necessary for Life to exist on Earth. Learn about them in an article from LiveScience.com. June 19, 240 B.C.: the Earth is round, and it's this big.Those were the great news more than 2,200 years ago. They took a time to spread around the globe, though. How the Moon works.Videos, images and lots of info to learn almost everything about our only natural satellite. Eclipses and Moon phases.Great interactive animation to teach you how the Moon phases, the solar eclipses and the lunar eclipses occur. Phases of the Moon.The phases of the Moon explained through diagrams. Giant fundy tides.Learn how the Sun and the Moon interact to cause the Earth's tides. Images of the Moon.Images of the Moon taken by the NASA missions. Huge panoramic picture of the Moon (I).Taken by the Apollo 12 crew, in the second manned mission to the Moon ever. Huge panoramic picture of the Moon (II).Taken by the Apollo 17 crew just a few days before the man left the Moon for the last time.  Why the Moon?A wonderful presentation of the worth of exploration, and why NASA wants to send a manned mision back to the Moon by 2020. The original can always be downloaded from the Lunar and Planetary Institute website.
2. MatterMatter in Chem4kids.States of matter, mixtures, solutions and more. KEWL - Materials and their properties.A good overall introduction to the states of matter, the atoms, the Periodic Table, elements, compounds, mixtures, separation of mixtures, and more basic chemistry topics. International System of Units (I).Definitions and pronunciation for some of the units of the SI at the Visual Dictionary. International System of Units (II).More definitions and pronunciation for some of the units of the SI at the Visual Dictionary. Measuring devices.Measuring devices of temperature, time, weight, thickness, distance, length and angles in the Visual Dictionary. Units of measurement.Learn the most widely used units (and its abbreviations and equivalences) for area, length, load, mass, speed, time and volume. Weights and measures / History of the meter.The United States, Liberia and Myanmar are the only countries that don't use the metric system. For the rest of the world, everything's measured by the meter. But how is the meter measured? Chemistry.Images, definitions and pronunciation of matter components, chemical elements and laboratory equipment in the Visual Dictionary. Elements, molecules and compounds.Excellent advanced presentation on materials, the Periodic Table, elements, molecules, compounds and more. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in common elements?Visualize how atoms are related to common objects at Exploring Earth online book. Can you name the elements of the Periodic Table?Test how many names of chemical elements can you remember in 15 minutes. Interactives: The Periodic Table.Excellent advanced lesson on the Periodic Table and the structure of the atoms, with interactive activities. Periodic Table of the elements (I).A very good Periodic Table to learn about the properties, occurrrence and the applications of every chemical element. Periodic Table of the elements (II).Another Periodic Table with good information about the structure of every chemical element, its name, its discovery and its utility. Periodic Table of the elements (III).In many different languages and with links to the Wikipedia articles on each one of the chemical elements. Periodic Table of the elements in pictures.This one presents, for every element of the Table, a picture of some object or material where the chemical element is present. Just great. Periodic Table of the Elements and their uses.Not just a boring list of elements and stuff, but also includes things that actually use these basic building blocks of our Universe. The Periodic Table of Videos.Learn about the chemical elements by watching one video for each one of them. Awesome.  The chemical elements song.An entertaining way to get to know their very strange names.
Examine 3-D models of common molecules.Visualize common molecules at Exploring Earth online book. Atoms in Chem4kids.com.Atoms, atomic particles, compounds and more. Build an atom.Build interactively your favourite atom. (You've got one, don't you?). Tip: hit the "Next" button to the bottom, scroll up, and then hit "Enter" in your keyboard consecutively to not no have to scroll vertically anymore. Metals.Learn that elements vary widely in their physical properties and understand how the properties of elements can be used to classify them as metals. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Non-metals.Learn that elements vary widely in their physical properties and understand how the properties of elements can be used to classify them as non-metals. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Uses of some elements.Understand how the properties of some elements relate to how they are used. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Properties of solids, liquids and gases.Learn the properties of the three states of matter. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. The particle theory.Learn how to use the Particle Theory to explain the properties of solids, liquids and gases. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Change of state: water.Understand what happens when a substance changes state. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Melting and boiling point.Understand what happens, in terms of energy and particle movement, when a substance changes state. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. How plastics work.Plastics are everywhere. While you're reading this, there are probably numerous plastic items within your reach (your computer, your pen, your phone). A plastic is any material that can be shaped or molded into any form. Some are naturally occurring, but most are man-made. Learn more about them. How iron and steel work.If you had to name the technologies that had the greatest effect on modern society, the refining of the heavy metal element iron would have to be near the top. Iron makes up a huge array of modern products, especially the carbon-rich one, which we call steel. Learn more. Zoom into steel.View the inner structure of steel, progressively magnified. Zoom into brass.View the inner structure of brass, progressively magnified. Zoom into aluminium.View the inner structure of aluminium, progressively magnified. Zoom into carbon fiber.View the inner structure of carbon fiber, progressively magnified. Zoom into concrete.View the inner structure of concrete, progressively magnified. Zoom into a clay pot.View the inner structure of a clay pot, progressively magnified. Estimated time left for metals.Giant chart showing that a looming future without underground metal reserves is not too far away. With additional charts about the rates of consumption and recycling of many widely used metals. 3. The Atmosphere and the WeatherInteractives: Weather.Full lesson on the weather with good coverage of the following topics: atmosphere, water cycle, storms, ice and snow, forecasting and climate change. The Atmosphere in Geography4kids.com.Structure, pressure, circulation, greenhouse effect and more. Composition of clean air.Learn about ten gases present in the clean air.  Steam powered can crusher.Watch a simple experiment that demonstrates the existence and the power of air pressure, as well as one of its possible uses.
How air pressure affects you.Learn how much pressure are you under and other interesting things related to the atmospheric pressure. The mercurial barometer.Learn how to measure the atmospheric pressure using Torricelli's discovery. The weirdest clouds that youll ever see.Cloud formations such as the mammatus, the lenticulars or the so called ufo clouds, among others, are perfect examples of how intricate and different nature can be. Weather and climates in Geography4kids.com.Factors that condition weather, measuring weather devices, seasons, and more. The types of clouds in Geography4kids.com.Stratus, cirrus, nimbostratus and cumulus. Forecasting the weather.Website created by the Australian Government that explains in a clear language everything you may want to know about weather and its forecasting. JetStream - Online School for Weather.Simply everything you might want to know about the weather. Interactive weather map.Interactive animation to explain the main features of a typical weather map. How meteorology works.Learn how weather forecast was done in the past, is done today, and will be done in the future. The sky from above.Amazing images of clouds taken from the Space Shuttle Discovery. Hurricanes, as seen from orbit.Awesome photographs of hurricanes taken from various spacecrafts. 4. The Water and the HydrosphereWikipedia: water portal.All the information about water in the Wkipedia organized in one single place, with links, news, ideas and more. Also check the "Category:Water" link in the "Categories" section to access all the articles in the Wikipedia related to water. Interactive questions and answers game.A flash animated game with 25 questions about water. You have to choose from three possible answers, and the game lets you know instantly if you have the right answer. The Hydrosphere in Geography4kids.com.Freshwater, groundwater, seawater, aquatic biomes and more. Interactive water cycle.A flash animated activity that lets you control the water cycle as you learn. Waves.Great interactive animation showing how the speed of the wind affects the formation of the waves in the sea. The great oceanic conveyor belt.A very clear introduction to how marine currents work. 5 really weird things about water.The most important molecule for Life is also the one that displays the most strange behaviour and properties. Learn about some of them. 5. The Earth's Crust, the Rocks and the Minerals6. Organization of Living Matter7. Prokaryotes, Protozoa, Algae and FungiThe Microbe Zoo.Learn about all those microscopic critters that exist everywhere around us. Life on our skin.Learn about the great bacterian diversity in your own skin... are they good or bad? How extremophiles work.What's your ideal environment? Sunny, 22ºC and a light breeze? How about living in nearly boiling water that's so acidic it eats through metal? Or residing in a muddy, oxygenless soup far saltier than any ocean? If you're an extremophile, that might sound perfect.  Ancient Ecosystem found in ice pocket.Microbes are thriving in a reservoir of briny liquid under an Antarctic glacier.
Protista tutorials.11 movies of algae and protozoa. Stalking the wild mushroom.Great movie that shows the main anatomic features of the fungi, the principal morphological types and the ways they feed. Colossal creature a humungous fungus.Very good short intro to fungi, a kingdom that includes the largest known living being. The page contains a link to the audio of the article. 8. The Plant KingdomThe structure of plants.This program shows and explains the basic structure and function of a plant. It is divided into four sections: roots, stems, leaves and video quiz. Biology of plants.A brief and very easy to understand introduction to what plants are and do. A closer look at plants.A very good overview on the parts of a plant and its functions. Why are tree rings lighter or darker?Learn how the annual pattern tends to create rings of different colours in the trees. Red leaves say, 'bug off!'.Study supports idea that autumn colours deter insect pests. British trees.Guide to 33 British native trees. Very good descriptions and clear photos. Trees in Britain.A pictorial guide for the identification of a selection of trees both native to Britain and naturalised. With a good number of photos for each species. Dutch tree guide.A wonderful site with lots of info about trees and how to identify them. The link takes you to a gallery of tree flowers, but you can use the left menu to access every other section. Exceptional trees.Images of exceptionally big and beautiful trees: baobab, sequoia, pine and more. 15 eccentric endangered trees, plants, and flowers.What these plants have in common is both rarity and uniqueness: they are incredible but also endangered. How to make a leaf rubbing.Leaf rubbing or drawing is an excellent and kid-friendly nature craft. It's suitable for all ages and a great camp project. 9. The Animal KingdomClassification of animal kingdom.Great video revising the key external features of the main animal groups. Arkive.A unique collection of thousands of videos, images and fact-files illustrating the world's species. Natural worlds.Monographic sections on wolfs, beetles and other extinct or alive animals. Museum of Natural Perspectives.Google Maps mashup that features a number of amazing wildlife animal videos from around the world that have been captured using remote sensing cameras. Soundsnap: Animals.Amazing collection of animal sounds, playable on-line and downloadable. The Big Picture: Animal day.A wonderful selection of 38 of the most beautiful and stunning images ever taken of the animal world. A must-see. Is there anything cuter than this?If you like animals, you'll just love this photo set. Wildlife astonishing moments captured by photographers.Another great photo set of the animal world. Tiny animals on fingers.An image collection at Flickr. Beautiful minute aninals held in the fingers. Thousands of new species discovered on tiny island.An expedition to a tiny island in the South Pacific's Republic of Vanatu has yielded hundreds of new species, including possibly 1000 new species of crab. 20 of the world's weirdest endangered species.The ugly stepchildren of the animal kingdom don't get much attention compared to the perennial endangered animal favorites like pandas or polar bears. But there are hundreds more animal species on our planet that are critically threatened. Amedee Coral Reef.360º panoramic view in the Amedee Coral Reef in New Caledonia. Use the arrow keys of your keyboard to rotate the image, and the Shift and Control keys to zoom in and out. How coral reefs work.A good overall view on the world of coral reefs, with images and videos. How the Great Barrier Reef works.Learn about the most amazing system of coral reef in the world. With images and videos. Do jellyfish have the deadliest venom in the world?Jellyfish tend to strike inocent bathers with very painful toxins. Learn about it. Insects at MrNussbaum.com.Learn about insects with this interactive book: profiles, anatomy, videos… With tons of activities. Insect morphology (I).Nice insect anatomy scheme. Insect morphology (II).Much more than what you'll probably ever want to learn about the anatomy of the insects. With lots of photos and drawings. Monarch butterfly life cycle.Watch images and read about the stages of the life cycle of the monarch butterfly. Ten amazing facts about bees.Did you know how much honey does a honeybee make along its lifetime? How cockroaches work.Comprehensive overview on the anatomy and ecology of these little unwanted friends. The largest insects on planet Earth.Cannibals, dancers, and pheromone emitters… some of the largest (and endangered) insects in the world are nurturing mothers in the wild, wearing poison as perfume, and crawling up human backs as friendly pets. Bees and ants 'operate in teams'.Bees and ants are true team players unlike other creatures who seek safety in numbers for selfish reasons, according to researchers. World's longest insect discovered.A recently identified stick insect, from the island of Borneo, almost the length of a human arm, is the world's longest insect. The trickiest trap in Nature.An spider special trick to fool its prey. Weird fish with transparent head.Startling photos and video of a recently discovered fish with transparent head. Oiseaux.net.A vast collection of high quality photos on some 1500 bird species of the world. Bird anatomy.Learn all about bird anatomy by using this interactive bird anatomy photograph to see where each region is located on the bird. North American birds.A visual guide to many of the U.S. most common birds: habitats, descriptions, songs, anatomy quizz, activities… Kingfishers in action.See how they court, mate, rear chicks and catch prey. Joy of birding.When spring arrives to New York, bird lovers prepare for a time of joy. Clever New Caledonian crows can use three tools.New Caledonian crows have given scientists yet another display of their tool-using abilities. Blue stork surprises German villagers.A blue stork is proving to be a tourist attraction in a German village. Puzzled bird watchers are unsure how it got its distinctive colour. Mammals at MrNussbaum.com.Learn about mammals of the world with this interactive species book. Lots of activities and profiles too. How whales work.Almost everything you have ever wanted to know about whales. With images and videos. Is there a difference between monkeys and apes?Lemurs, prosimians, anthropoids, monkeys, apes, hominids... Let's put a bit of order within the primates. EDGE of existence: mammals.Google Earth file showing 100 of the world's most Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) mammal species. It was created for the Zoological Society of London's EDGE of Existence programme. EDGE of existence: amphibians.Google Earth file showing 100 of the world's most Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) amphibial species. It was created for the Zoological Society of London's EDGE of Existence programme. North American endangered animals.Google Earth file showing range maps and basic information about North American marine and terrestrial animal species of Common Conservation Concern. 1. Forces and MovementsNewton's forces and the effects of forces.Great presentation to learn about natural forces, balanced and unbalanced forces, effects of forces, calculations and graphs on speed and acceleration, air resistance and more. Forces.Learn what forces are, how to measure them, and what they can do. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Friction.Find out how frictional forces, including air resistance, can affect the motion of an object. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Useful friction.Learn how frictional forces can be useful. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Balanced forces.Learn that balanced forces don't produce any change in the movement of an object. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Unbalanced forces.Learn that unbalanced forces change the speed or direction of movement of objects. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Gravity.Learn that gravity is a force of attraction which acts on Earth towards the centre of the planet, and that the size of the force of gravity depends on the mass of each object and the distance between them. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Mass, weight and gravity.Learn that the weight of an object on Earth is the result of the gravitational attraction between its mass and that of the Earth, and know that weight is a force so is measured in newtons. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Measuring speed.Learn how to work out the speed of a moving object and understand how to make calculations using the relationship between speed, distance and time. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Measuring speed activity.Play with a simulation that shows the relationship between time, distance and speed. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Distance-time graphs.Learn how to plot a distance-time graph and understand what it shows. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. 2. EnergyEnergy.Great presentation to learn about the types of energy, its laws, its transformations, the ways heat can be transmitted, major sources of energy, some of its uses in daily life, the advantages of reducing its use and the possibilities of the renewable sources of energy. KEWL - Energy.A basic introduction to the main renewable and non-renewable sources of energy. Special report: energy and fuels.New Scientist extensive collection of resources to take you through a deep insight on energy and fuels. Why sustainable power is unsustainable.Serious obstacles on the road towards a future of renewable sources of energy. The 10 big energy myths.There has never been a more important time to invest in green technologies, yet many of us believe these efforts are doomed to fail. This article disagrees. Dirty energy threat to green Brazil.Brazil boasts of being one of the world's "greenest" energy suppliers, but recent policy initiatives could jeopardise its desire to be a big player in future climate change discussions. The big thirst.Article in The New York Times pondering the worrying future of our most wanted fuel: oil. How oil refining works.Great review on one of the most important industrial processes in our society. With images and videos. Oil: a History.A short history of black gold, from the ancient Persian army's flaming oil-dipped arrows to today's piercing pain at the pump. Can carbon fiber solve the oil crisis?Cutting a car's weight makes a lot of sense in the knowledge that we are running down of oil. Learn how carbon fiber could help. There is no such thing as nuclear waste.The author demystifies the danger of nuclear waste by suggesting alternative uses for them other than just burial. Sunsite funsite.A great animated lesson to know all the basics about solar energy and how it is harnessed by humans and every other living being on Earth. Solar power.One image showing some facts about the incredible potential of solar power. How does solar power work?Very interesting and easy to understand introduction to solar power and its current state of development. The amazing solar tower of Seville.Learn how solar power is being produced in the hot countryside near Seville. Is the Sun setting on solar power in Spain?An article of the current heyday of solar power in Spain and its dependency on subsidies. Gas 2.0.Hot news on biofuels. Are biofuels bad?A scientific study says that biofuels are even worse than the gasoline for the current climatic change. Learn why. How biodiesel works.To learn it all about one of the most important alternatives to fossil fuels. Can I make my own ethanol?Ethanol, mixed with a small amount of gasoline, can be used to fuel cars. Learn how to make it at home, safely and cheaply. How biofuel is made.See how cooking oil leftovers from restaurants are used to produce a biodiesel that is later mixed with petroleum derivatives to fuel vehicles. Can I run my MP3 player on methanol?They even say that you can run it with an onion and Gatorade, so why not with methanol? Scientists find bugs that eat waste and excrete petrol.Learn how a newborn company is experimenting with bacteria that have been genetically altered to provide 'renewable petroleum'. Forget solar panels, this house runs on algae.Students at the University of Cambridge have designed an energy and carbon-neutral house powered entirely by algae. New facility uses algae to turn coal pollution into fuel.A coal fired power-plant in Oregon has started a pilot project to stop pollution by using algae to collect carbon dioxide and make fuel and other useful products. Garbage energy.Watch this video to understand how we can produce electricity from methane captured in a landfill. 5 myths about wind energy.Wind energy might be the simplest renewable energy to understand. Yet there are misconceptions about what makes it turn. Windfarms unlikely to threaten birds.Conservation groups have raised fears that large birds could get caught in the turbines and that these structures could disturb other species. But this idea is slowly fading away. Learn why. Biomass energy 'could be harmful'.Biomass power - such as burning wood for energy - could do more harm than good in the battle to reduce greenhouse gases. How geothermal energy works.Introduction to what geothermal energy is and how we can make use of it. One hot island.Learn about Iceland's renewable geothermal power. US geothermal energy.Enhanced Geothermal Systems is an initiative meant to harness all the power of the subsurface heat to produce electricity and heat. This Google Earth file shows all the potential of this kind of energy in the United States. There is a video describing the project at YouTube. How hydrogen cars work.The car of the future is here today. It doesn't use gasoline and it doesn't pollute the air. In fact, it produces steam instead of exhaust. And the mystery fuel? Hydrogen, the simplest and most abundant element in the Universe. 4. LightLight and the electromagnetic spectrum.Great presentation on the waves of the electromagnetic spectrum and their properties, the nature of visible light and its behaviour, its applications, and how the human eye forms an image. KEWL - Light.Basic introduction to light and lasers. Refraction.Learn about refraction of light and know some examples. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. 5. SoundSound & Hearing.Great presentation on sound waves and their properties, their transmission, their behaviour, their applications, how the human ear is able to detect them, and more. KEWL - Sound.Properties of sound waves and speed of sound across different mediums. 6. Chemical ChangesThe golden book of chemistry experiments.Probably many of them are not the ones you should try at home without the supervision of an adult; still, it is an amazing resource with a wealth of information if you dream to become a professional chemist some day. Periodic Table of the Elements.In many different languages and with links to the Wikipedia articles on each one of the chemical elements. Chemical reactions in Chem4kids.com.A very comprehensive and easy to understand resource meant for pupils in secondary education. Use the links in the top right menu to further along the tutorial. Structures and bonding.To know that elements combine through chemical reactions to form compounds and that compounds contain different elements that are chemically bonded together. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Reactions of metals with oxygen and water.Learn how different metals react with oxygen and water and know how to name the products and identify patterns in these reactions. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Reactions of metals with acids.Learn that metals react with acid to produce salt and hydrogen and find out how to test for hydrogen gas. After the review, you can try a simulation activity of this type of reactions. Displacement reactions.Understand why more reactive metals will displace less reactive ones from their compounds. After the review, you can try a simulation activity of this type of reactions. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. The reactivity series of metals.Understand how the reactivity series of metals can be determined by considering their reaction with oxygen, water and acid, and learn how to use the reactivity series to make predictions about other reactions. After the review, you can try a simulation activity of this type of reactions. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Acids and alkalis.Learn how to use indicators to classify solutions as acidic, alkaline or neutral. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. pH scale.Learn that pH is a measure of the strength of an acid or alkali and how to interpret the colours of universal indicator solution. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. What happens when you carbonate water?Learn what an acid is through an experiment with carbonated water and red cabbage. Acid - base reactions.Understand how different bases react with acids and write word equations for the reactions. Learn how to test for carbon dioxide gas. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Everyday neutralisation reactions.Learn about everyday neutralisation reactions. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Uses of salts.Learn some of the uses of different salts. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Making a salt using an acid and an alkali.Learn how to prepare a neutral salt sample using an acid and an alkali. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. Making a salt using an insoluble base.Learn how to prepare a neutral salt sample from an insoluble base. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. The amazing rusting aluminum.Rusting of aluminium can either hold an airplane together or dissolve it to bits. Learn how. Top 10 amazing chemistry videos.Fiery explosions, beautiful reactions and hilarious music videos are great reasons to be excited about Chemistry. Here are some of the best. Balancing chemical equations.Step by step tutorial. 8. Nutrition in Living BeingsSimply science: plant systems for absorption.Water, minerals and gases are needed for all plant systems. Simply science: plant systems for transport.Nutrients absorbed in the soil are transported to the leaves by passive transport through the xylem. Water that travels up the plant is lost by the leaves through transpiration. Phloem carries food that is produced in the leaves to the rest of the plant. Simply science: gas exchange in plants.Plants and animals both exchange gases with their environments. Carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor can move into and out of leaves through stomata, lenticels, and root hairs, permitting photosynthesis and respiration. Simply science: photosynthesis.Producers use the process of photosynthesis to convert light energy into food. By carrying out experiments, students collect data to support the hypothesis that photosynthesis requires light. Simply science: plant systems for waste removal.Chloroplasts create food through photosynthesis. Stomata on the plant absorbs carbon dioxide, and release excess oxygen. Excess minerals are released through the leaves of plants. Photosynthesis song.Funny way to learn the basics of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis on land and on water.Very simple animation showing how photosynthesis takes place both in land and in water living things. The science of life: photosynthesis.Through the process of photosynthesis, green plants make glucose and oxygen. The cycle series: photosynthesis.All green plants produce oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use light energy from the sun to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Rainforests produce about 30% of Earth's oxygen. Virtual owl pellets.Learn everything about the very interesting owls' regurgitations. 9. Interaction and Coordination in Living BeingsCoral spawn by moonlight.Scientists have puzzled over how corals get to know when to have sex: this video shows that it's the moonlight what makes some of them romantic. Can you see me?These animals make use of extraordinary color patterns, in addition to modified exoskeletons, skin, scales, and behaviour, to mimic leaves and evade detection from predators or prey. How animal migration works.Learn about the biggest, longest and most amazing animal migrations in the world, and figure out why and how animals make such astonishing journeys. World on the move.A wonderful map-based website to learn about animal migrations, from the geese to the whales. 10. Reproduction in Living Beings11. The Ecosphere and the EcosystemsAnalyzing an ecosystem.Excellent quizz to test your knowledge on the basics of ecosystems. Marine food web.Interactive activity to place different marine species in their correct trophic levels. If the Sun went out, how long would life on Earth survive?Learn about the chain of undesirable consequences that would result from our star suddenly dying off. Earth's biomes.Great interactive animation showing the occurrence and main features of the Earth's biomes. World biomes interactive map.Another great interactive map to see the occurence and learn the main characteristics of the world's biomes. With many activities. What's it like where you live?A brief and very easy to understand introduction to the main biomes and aquatic ecosystems of our planet. Water ecosystems.A brief introduction to fresh-water and marine ecosystems. Great Barrier Reef.A National Geographic movie on the Great Barrier Reef, the largest living structure. How wetlands work.Water lilies, turtles, frogs, ducks, snakes, dragonflies, minnows, herons, sticky black muck, monsters… What do these things have in common? Wetlands. National marine sanctuaries.Collection of select videoclips and still images from USA's underwater treasures. How the Galapagos islands work.One of the world's most famous ecosystems is the place that inspired Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. But there's more to it than just finches and tortoises. Scenes from Antarctica.A great set of 32 stunning photos taken in the Antarctica. Global climate data map.This map can tell you the current climate in any country in the world: just drag a marker over the country on the map, and the map will return a calendar showing the precipitation, temperature and wind speed in the country for each month of the year. 9 of today's most important environmental issues.A list that neatly summarizes some of our most pressing environmental concerns. Atlas of our changing environment.This map from the United Nations Environment Programme showcases 187 sites around the world where humans are having an adverse effect on the environment. The map uses illustrations, satellite images and ground photographs to highlight the impact of Humanity on the planet. Anthropogenic biomes.Google Earth file showing a map of biomes created or transformed by humans. Disappearing forests of the world.Google Earth file showing deforestation data for different countries. Interactives: Garbage.Good lesson with coverage of topics such as solid waste, hazardous waste, sewage and waste reduction efforts. What's the biggest threat to freshwater habitats?Learn what ar the freshwater habitats, why are they important, and how agriculture endangers them. Why could China's Three Gorges Dam cause an environmental disaster?Is it a milestone of modern engineering or a potential environmental disaster? Ocean debris turning Hawaiian beach into plastic.Consumer waste from the "Great Pacific Garbage Patch" is turning a Hawaiian beach "into plastic". Protected areas of the world.Google Earth file showing the protected area network for a number of countries. Biodiversity hotspots.Google Earth file showing information about the Earth's 34 Biodiversity Hotspots, as defined by Conservation International. These are the most important areas for conservation, with very large numbers of endemic species. Each of the hotspots has lost more than 70% of its original forest. Protected Planet.Protected Planet lets you view the world's protected areas on a Google Map. If you click on one of the mapped protected areas then you are taken to a close-up of the selected area, which includes photographs, points of interest in the area and links to related protected areas. How composting works.Composting is a method that transforms solid organic waste into a product that can benefit the environment as a natural fertilizer for gardening and farming. Learn more. 50 ways to help the planet.50 actions that people can carry on in their daily lives to help preserve the Ecosphere. 5 green myths.Many of us have adopted small, easy habits to help make our lives a little more environmentally friendly. But how can you be sure your choices are right for the planet? Top 10 myths about sustainability.In-depth article explaning the real meaning of such a popular word. How do you clean up an oil spill?Despite stricter penalties and better ship design, oil spills haven't been eliminated. And when they happen, what can be done to clean up that mess?  ESO 3 Biology and Geology  1. Organization of Living MatterThe chemistry of life: the human body.You are what you eat. But do you remember munching some molybdenum or snacking on selenium? Some 60 chemical elements are found in the body, but what all of them are doing there is still unknown. Basics of Biochemistry.The biomolecules and their roles in an easy-to-understand language. Cells and Life processes.To understand the structure of plant and animal cells and their life processes. You can print the lesson text and read a glossary. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. (N.B.: In case your browser freezes, use Firefox and click on "Block Script" when asked). Cell games.Excellent and easy to follow visual activity to learn the basics on animal, plant and bacterial cells. Plant cells and animal cells.Great interactive animation showing the parts and organelles of both plant and animal cells. Typical animal cell.Interactive activity to identify the parts of an animal cell and read about the function of its organelles. Inside a cell.Take an interactive look inside an animal and a plant cell. Cell size and scale.Awesome zoomable visualization to help you get an idea of the actual sizes of cells and their components. Cells, tissues, organs and organ systems.Great presentation on cells, their parts, their types, their sizes and how they specialise in animals and plants forming tissues and organs. Cell structure.To learn everything you need about the parts and the organelles of a cell in an easy-to-understand language. Cellular organization.Lots of info and images on the cells and their organelles. List of distinct cell types in the adult human body.Article at Wikipedia containing a list of links to the corresponding articles of a great number of types of human cells. Regrowth mystery reborn.Debunking the idea that our bodies are renewed every seven years: learn what is the real life span of several types of human cells. Cells, tissues and membranes.Particularly interesting is that it includes a good overall view on the main human tissues, with text and images. Animal cells and tissues.Lots of info and images on the animal tissues. Online examination of human anatomy and physiology.Visually learn about the human body using interactive flash animations. Learn the bones.Interactive activity to check your knoledge on the human skeleton. Anatomy of the human body.The Bartleby.com edition of Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body features 1,247 vibrant engravings—many in color—from the classic 1918 publication, as well as a subject index with 13,000 entries. The ultimate human body quiz.Not that much, but a set of ten not-so-easy questions to test your knowledge on the human body. Zoom into hair.View the inner structure of a hair, progressively magnified. Zoom into a tooth.View the inner structure of a tooth, progressively magnified. 2. Nutrition in HumansInteractive body.3-D Interactive jigsaw to test your knowledge on the location of some human organs. Digestion.To understand the human digestive system, with emphasis on balanced diet and information on enzymes. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. New KS4 topics: Digestion.Great series of animated lessons at Skoool.co.uk about digestion, balanced diet, malnutrition, food experiments and more. The digestive system.Great presentation on the groups of foods, chemical tests for nutrients, recommended daily intakes, the functions of the organs of the digestive system, digestive enzymes, healthy diets and more. The digestive system at Web-books.com.A good overview, with text and images, on all the organs of the digestive system and their work. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of digestive diseases. The digestive system at Faqs.org.Another wide overview, with text and images, on all the organs of the digestive system and their work, the digestive diseases, a glossary and additional readings. Digestive system at Hillendale Health.Some basic and important facts about the digestive process. The digestive system.To dig deeper, visit this website with lots of info and images on the digestive system. Digestion time of foods.Do you know how long takes an apple to be digested?  We are more microbe than man.About a 90% of your cells are not yours: they are bacteria, most of which live in your intestines. Learn why. You can also listen to the embedded audio version of the article.
Why does my stomach growl?Whether you call it grumbling, rumbling, gurgling or growling, from time to time everybody's belly chimes in. Learn why. Why do we have an appendix?This is about Mankind's evolutive past. Why is fecal matter brown?Sure you've sometime wondered. What makes us fart?As the article starts saying, the answer may stink, but still it's interesting to know… Cooking and cognition: how humans got so smart.Learn how cooking improved our digestive efficiency and spurted our brain development. Breathing and respiration.To understand the human breathing system, with emphasis on the structure of the lungs and the gaseous exchanges involving oxygen and carbon dioxide. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. New KS4 topics: Breathing and respiration.Great series of animated lessons at Skoool.co.uk about breathing, respiration, gas exchange, inhaled and exhaled air and more. Breathing.Simple activity where you can drag the diaphragn up and down to watch the respiratory movements. Breathing.Simple animation showing how and why air enters and leaves the lungs. Alveoli.Simple animation showing the gas exchange in the alveoli. The respiratory system.Great presentation on the respiratory organs, the breathing cycle, inhaled and exhaled air, gas exchange, the role of haemoglobin, oxygen and cellular respiration, smoking, asthma and more. How your lungs work.Detailed description of the breathing process in humans. With images and animations that start on page load… you might want to stop and restart them after reading the texts. The respiratory system at Web-books.com.A good overview, with text and images, on all the organs of the respiratory system and their work. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of respiratory diseases. The respiratory system at Faqs.org.Another wide overview, with text and images, on all the organs of the respiratory system and their functions, the respiratory disorders, a glossary and additional readings. Respiratory system at Hillendale Health.Some basic and important facts about the respiratory system. The respiratory system.To dig deeper, visit this website with lots of info and images on the respiratory system. Blood and circulation.To understand the human circulatory system, with a detailed analysis of the constituents of blood and their different functions. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. New KS4 topics: Blood and circulation.Great series of animated lessons at Skoool.co.uk about the components of blood, the role of blood, the circulatory system, defense mechanisms and more. The circulatory system.Great presentation on the cardiovascular system organs and their functions, blood as a tissue, oxygen transport, clotting, the role of white blood cells and healthy cardiovascular habits. Heart disease and circulation.Learn the basics of the circulatory system from BBC Bitesize. You can take the revision test here and even try an interactive activity. The cardiovascular system at Web-books.com.A good overview, with text and images, on all the organs of the circulatory system and their work. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of cardiovascular diseases. The blood at Web-books.com.A good overview on the blood, its cells and their work. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of blood diseases. The cardiovascular system at Faqs.org.Another wide overview, with text and images, on all the organs of the circulatory system and their work, the blood, the cardiovascular disorders, a glossary and additional readings. How blood works.Detailed description of the composition and the function of the human blood. It contains two animations that start on page load… you might want to stop and restart them after reading the texts. How your heart works.Detailed description of the structure and the function of the human heart. It contains very good images and one animation that starts on page load… you might want to stop and restart it after reading the texts. How heart disease works.Detailed description of what a heart attack and some other heart-related diseases are. With good images and one animation. Circulatory system at Hillendale Health.Some basic and important facts about the circulatory system. The circulatory system.To dig deeper, visit this website with lots of info and images on the circulatory system. Blood clotting.Simple and clear animation showing how a clot is formed in a wound from platelets, protein fibers and blood cells. Hybrid interactive heart.3D medical animation that shows the heart by the outside and the inside. Heart pictures.A set of eight photos related to the heart and its working. Circulatory system matching activty.An interactive test to help you review the main concepts about your circulatory system. Label the heart.Drag and drop labelling activity of the main parts of the heart. How your kidneys work.Detailed description of the structure and function of human kidneys. With very good images. The urinary system at Web-books.com.A good overview, with text and images, on all the organs of the urinary system and their work. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of urinary diseases. The urinary system at Faqs.org.Another wide overview, with text and images, on all the organs of the urinary system and their functions, the urinary diseases, a glossary and additional readings. The excretory system.To dig deeper, visit this website with lots of info and images on the excretory system. Kidney.Simple animation showing the location of a nephron in the kidney and its function. KEWL - Healthy eating.Basic introduction to the food groups, the food pyramid, balanced diets and food labels. Food and health.Learn the basics on food safety from BBC Bitesize. You can take the revision test here and even try an interactive activity. Nutrition at Faqs.org.A wide overview, with text and images, on food groups, nutrients, dietary habits, diets, eating disorders, a glossary and additional readings. How food works.A lot of interesting and detailed info about the main human nutrients. It contains some images and one animation that starts on page load… you might want to stop and restart it after reading the texts. How to calculate how many calories you need to eat to lose weight?The key to fat loss is first figuring out how many calories you should be taking in each day. Learn how. How food preservation works.Freezing, canning, salting… Detailed info on these and other commonly used food preservation techniques. Food groups.Simple interactive activity to check what is the main type of nutrient obtained from each food group. Health challenge.An interactive test to help you review the main concepts about nutrients and nutrition. Essential. Read it before you eat it!An interactive test to help you understand the nutritonal facts labels found on foods. Very interesting. Eating veggies shrinks the brain.Something to be aware of if you're considering becoming a vegetarian… What happens to your body if you drink a coke right now?Drinking a coke… not as healthy as you probably thought. Foods that heal.An amazing chart of foods that will make your life longer and healthier. Healing food reference.A website meant to empower consumers with information about the healing power of foods. 3. Interaction in HumansThe nervous system.To understand the human nervous system, with a special emphasis on the central nervous system. You can print the lesson text and read a glossary. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. (N.B.: In case your browser freezes, use Firefox and click on "Block Script" when asked). Nervous system and the senses.Great presentation covering the role of the nervous system, its organs, its regions, the types of neurones, the synapse, reflexes and human senses. The nervous system at Web-books.com.Very good overall view, with images and text, on the nervous system: cells, organs and organization. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of neurological diseases. The nervous system at Faqs.org.Another wide overall view, with text and images, on the neurons, the organs of the nervous system and their functions, the nervous disorders, a glossary and additional readings. Neuroscience for kids.Absolutely comprehensive site to learn everything about the neurones, the nervous system, the brain habilities, drugs, diseases… With an extensive table of contents at the top. The nervous system.Lots of info and images on the nervous system. The brain from top to bottom.Amazing resource that covers all sorts of topics related to the human brain: organisation, memory, emotions, senses, body movement... All of them in three different levels of deepness. The brain museum.Lots of images of both the whole brain and of cross-sections of it. Through the left menu you can access images of brains of many other mammals. Brain pictures.A set of 9 pictures that tell different stories about the way your nervous system works. Inside Bill Moorier's head.In his own words: "In September 2009 my doctor recommended an MRI to rule-out a couple of potential conditions. The scan came back completely normal, which was a great relief! I decided to do something with the images, and spent a fun weekend writing this MRI explorer". 5 ways your brain is messing with your head.It turns out that the ways in which your head is being truly messed up are not coming from advertisers, politicians or magicians: they are coming from inside. Right Brain vs. Left Brain.The test will not tell you what you're most likely to vote when you're 18, but you may want to know if you are the logical or the intuitive type. Anatomy of the spine.Video that shows the anatomy of the human spinal column. How scratching can stop an itch.A scientific study has discovered why scratching helps relieve the irritation of an itch. The special senses at Faqs.org.Good and wide overview, with text and images, on the eye, the ear, the sense of smell, the sense of taste, and the way they all work. Also with a description af the main sensorial pathologies, a glossary and additional readings. KEWL - Our five senses.Basic introduction to vision, hearing, smell, touch and taste. The eye.Drag and drop labelling activity of the main parts of the eye. Anatomy of the eye.Highly informative interactive animation to learn the parts of the eye and their functions. The eye at Web-books.com.A first overview on the eye and its parts. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of eye diseases. Magenta ain't a colour.Which comes to prove that your brain is tricking you. Learn the difference between reality and the image your brain composes of it through this interesting article on colours. The ear.Drag and drop labelling activity of the main parts of the ear. The ear.Simple interactive activity to help you learn the functions of the parts of the ear. The ear at Web-books.com.Very good overall view, with images and text, on the ear, its sections and its functions. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of ear diseases. The skin at Web-books.com.Very good overall view, with images and text, on the skin and all its layers. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of skin diseases. Endocrine system.Great presentation on the endocrine system, its glands, how they work and their role in the control of emergency responses, glucose level in blood, fluid levels in blood and tissues and the menstrual cycle. The endocrine system at Web-books.com.Very good overall view, with images and text, on the endocrine glands and their hormones. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of endocrine diseases. The endocrine system at Faqs.org.Another wide overall view, with text and images, on all the endocrine glands and the way they work, the hormones and their effects, the endocrine disorders, a glossary and additional readings. The endocrine system.To dig deeper, visit this website with lots of info and images on the endocrine system. Sorry, you're just not my (testosterone's) type.Learn how hormones condition the type of person to which you are attracted. Human homeostasis.Great presentation on the meaning of homeostasis, the anatomy and functions of the urinary system, its role and the endocrine system role in controlling urea, salt and water levels in the body, the structure and function of the skin and its role in controlling body temperature. The muscular system at Web-books.com.A first overview on the types of muscular tissues. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of muscle diseases. The muscular system at Faqs.org.A wide and good overall view, with text and images, on the muscular system, the muscular cells, the main muscles, and the way they all work. Also with a description of the main muscular disorders, a glossary and additional readings. The skeletal system at Web-books.com.A first overview on the types of bone tissues and types of bones. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of bone diseases. The skeletal system at Faqs.org.A wide and good overall view, with text and images, on the skeletal system, the main bones, the joints, and the way they all work. Also with a description of the main skeletal disorders, a glossary and additional readings. The muscular and skeletal systems.To dig deeper, visit this website with lots of info and images on the muscular and skeletal systems. How bones work.To know almost everything about your skeleton, bones, joints, their diseases... Antagonistic pairs.Simple dragging activity to watch the antagonistic behaviour of the brachial biceps and triceps. Ball and socket joint.Move the femur in the hip joint forwards and backwards as well as from side to side by moving the trackball. 4. Reproduction in HumansHow sex works.Introduction to how human reproduction works, with a general overview on most of the aspects involved, images and very good animations that start on page load… you might want to stop and restart them after reading the texts. How male puberty works.Learn when and how puberty changes happen in boys. How female puberty works.Learn about female puberty and the changes it creates in a girl's body. KEWL - Puberty.Basic introduction to changes that boys and girls undergo in puberty. Puberty at Hillendale Health.Questions and answers about puberty and its changes. Includes a glossary. Male reproductive system at Hillendale Health.Questions and answers about the male reproductive system. Includes a glossary. Female reproductive system at Hillendale Health.Questions and answers about the female reproductive system. Includes a glossary. Male reproductive system at Web-books.com.Very good overall view, with images and text, on the male reproductive system, with its organs and their functions. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of reproductive diseases. Female reproductive system at Web-books.com.Very good overall view, with images and text, on the female reproductive system, with its organs and their functions. The left menu contains a link to a wide series of reproductive diseases. The reproductive system at Faqs.org.Another wide overall view, with text and images, on all the organs of the male and female reproductive systems and the way they work, sexual hormones, birth control methods, embrionary development, the reproductive system disorders, a glossary and additional readings. The reproductive system.To dig deeper, visit this website with lots of info and images on the reproductive system. The menstrual cycle.Very clear animation showing the sequence of events of the menstrual cycle and how it is all controlled by the different hormone levels present. Review activities at Hillendale Health.Six diffrerent quizzes to test your knowledge about the reproductive systems, puberty, menstrual cycle, conception and more. How circumcision works.The surgical removal of the foreskin that normally covers the head of the penis, is a relatively simple procedure, but not the kind you go into happily. Learn all about it in this comprehensive report. A child is born.The astonishing 1960s photographs that changed the way we see the miracle of conception and birth. Fertilisation.Simple animation showing the stages from fertilisation to implantation. Fetal development slideshow.Slideshow of fetal develpment month by month. Fetal development.Description and images of the stages of the embryonic and fetal development. Baby growth and birth at Hillendale Health.Questions and answers about conception, embryonic development and birth. Includes a glossary. How childbirth works?Childbirth is a miracle, but it's a rather messy one. Who should deliver the baby? Where? Does the expectant mother want a natural childbirth, or would she prefer pain relief? Sexuality at Faqs.org.A wide overall view, with text and images, on everything you ever wanted to know about sexuality, stages of sexual development, menstruation, sex, birth control, pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases. With a glossary. 5. Health and DiseaseThe top medical myths.Ten common misconceptions about health. Top 10 weirdest prescription drug side effects.Most of us take prescription drugs: if all goes well, the drug works for you as it's supposed to. But there's no drug that works the same for everyone without any risks or side effects. Learn about some of the scariest ones. How infectious diseases work.An introduction to infectious diseases and human body's defences. Communicable diseases at Hillendale Health.Some basic and important facts about the germs and the danger they pose. How do germs spread?A series of slides telling some basic and important facts about the trasmission of germs. Flu attack! How a virus invades your body.Wondeful animation that shows you how viruses trick healthy cells to join the dark side. AIDS at Hillendale Health.Questions and answers about the most lethal sexual communicable diseases. How AIDS works.General information on AIDS: transmission, HIV life cycle and world impact. Pandemic!10 of the world's deadliest diseases and why they might wipe us out yet. 10 worst epidemics.Take a look at 10 of the worst epidemics to ever plague Mankind and how each disease works. Tuberculosis, the unromantic killer.Learn about this so-often neglected infectious disease and how it is a real threat for many people. Cholera's prevention preferable to its cure.Learn how cholera kills by dehydration. Killer cholera begins where other diseases end.Learn how cholera can be treated succesfully. MicrobiologyBytes.The latest news on microbiology. Health and immunity.Great presentation on the types of microbes, microbial diseases, microbial transmission, the skin as a barrier against microbes, the meaning of immunity and the role of white blood cells, and vaccination. Defence against disease.Brief revision aimed to the GCSE exams. Deals with infectious microorganisms and the ways to fight them back. Disease and resistance.Learn how your body fights harmful microorganisms from BBC Bitesize. You can take the revision test here and even try an interactive activity. Antibiotics and drug testing.Learn the basics on antibiotics and how medicines are tested prior to be commercialized from BBC Bitesize. You can take one revision test here and even another one here. How the world was rid of smallpox.It's the only disease that humankind has successfully wiped out - and the eradication of smallpox was brought about by Edward Jenner. How the H1N1 vaccine is made.Learn all the efforts required to make a new vaccine against a virus and why it takes six months from start to finish. Joseph Lister.Learn about the father of antiseptic surgery from the Microbiology Bytes podcast. Disease defense: barriers against pathogens.Our skin is the first line of defense agains pathogens, but it can be breached. Learn more through this simple video. Disease defense: the immune system.Very good video showing the various ways by which the white blood cells protect us by destroying pathogens. Disease defense: immunity and vaccination.Video explaining how we can aid the immune system to do its work better by means of vaccination. Disease defense: antibiotics.When all protective and preventive measures have failed, we can still make use of antibiotics to get rid of bacteria. Antibody immune system response.3D medical animation that shows how antibodies stop harmful pathogens from attaching themselves to healthy cells. Phagocytosis.Learn how the immune system's phagocytes can destroy invader microorganisms. Digestive problems.Gases, constipation, diarrhea, acid digestion... Heart health quiz.How much do you know about the dangers that threaten the heart, and what can you do to keep it healthy? Take this quiz to find out. Drugs and bad body maintenance.Great presentation on healthy lifestyles, drug abuse, and the types of drugs and their effects, including alcohol, tobacco, heroin, cocaine, steroids and more. How does your body digest a cigarette?Not with pleasure, for sure... But still, it's interesting to know. The page also contains one video explaining how smoking damages your DNA. Caffeine Facts.Learn how caffeine picks you up and which are its most remarkable effects on the nervous system. This is your brain on caffeine.Learn about the effects of caffeine withdrawal. 7. RocksInteractives: Rock cycle.Excellent lesson on rocks with interactive activities and good coverage of the following topics: types of rocks, how rocks change and rock cycle. Rockcycle.Great presentation on the Earth's crust, the types of rocks and how they form, the mineral calcite and weathering. Rocks.A great set of investigations and visualizations at Exploring Earth online book. Rock picture gallery.Rock picture gallery at About.com. With photos and basic data. Rock identification tables.Learn how to differentiate the main types of rocks at About.com. About.com - Sedimentary rocks.Learn the essentials of the origin, features and types of sedimentary rocks at About.com. About.com - Igneous rocks.Learn the essentials of the origin, features and occurrence of igneous rocks at About.com. Igneous rocks identification.After a good introduction to what igneous rocks and their properties are, the site helps you to identify igneous rocks samples step by step. About.com - Metamorphic rocks.Learn the essentials of the origin, features and types of metamorphic rocks at About.com. Metamorphic rocks.More info on metamorphic rocks: how are they originated, which are their properties and which are the main types. Metamorphic rocks identification.After a good introduction to what metamorphic rocks and their properties are, the site helps you to identify metamorphic rocks samples step by step.  ESO 4 Biology and Geology 1. Cellular FunctionsCell functions.Membrane transport, cell nutrition and cell reproduction in an easy-to-understand language. How diffusion works.Animation showing the basics behind the diffusion of chemicals in solutions. How osmosis work.Osmosis is a special type of diffusion which involves movement of water molecules only. Learn about it through this animation. Osmosis.Advanced video on osmosis, explaining everything you ever wanted to know about it. You may need to switch to full screen mode to prevent overstretching. How facilitated difussion works.Learn about passive transport through an animation that shows how membrane proteins can help specific chemicals to cross by without consuming energy. How the sodium-potassium pump works.Learn about the sodium-potassium pump, the main active transport mechanism. How enzymes work.Animation showing how enzymes catalyse biochemical reactions. Enzymes, biological catalysts.Excellent and very comprehensive video on enzymes. When we lose weight, where does the lost weight go?After weeks of trimming a few calories here, exercising a little more there, you put on a pair of jeans, and like magic, the waist has grown. You button them up to behold a welcome space between your belly and the fabric. How did that happen? Lysosomes.Animation showing how lysosmes are produced and work breaking down big molecular structures for a later use in the cellular metabolism. Mitosis and meiosis.Great presentation on the mitotic and meiotic processes, their outcomes and their biological meaning. The cell cycle.Watch this animation to learn the basics of the cell cycle. Control of the cell cycle.A good and comprehensive explanation of the different stages of the cell cycle. How the cell cycle works.Animation showing a detailed view of the cell cycle, including the various steps of cell division. Mitosis and cytokinesis.Step by step animation of mitosis and cytokinesis. Comparison of mitosis and meiosis.Animation showing clearly the different pathways and outcomes of meiosis and mitosis. 2. Heredity and TransmissionLearn Genetics.From the basics to the hottest current topics: a vast bank of easy to follow learning resources on Genetics. Interactives: DNA.Excellent full lesson on DNA with interactive activities and good coverage of the following topics: genetics, discovery of DNA, Human Genome Project, Genetic Engineering, and implications and ethics. DNA matching activity.Simple interactive activity to learn the structure of DNA by matching nucleotides. Genes and inheritance.An step by step overview of the basic Genetics concepts from BBC Bitesize. You can try the revision test here. Genetics primer.Wonderful introduction to Genetics, with excellent images and well explained concepts. Inheritance and selection.Presentation on DNA, genes, chromosomes, meiosis and its role in the generation of variation, genotype, phenotype, mutations, genetic crosses and more. Transcribe and translate a gene.The basic rules for translating a gene into a protein are laid out in the Universal Genetic Code. To see how this works, try it yourself in this interactive activity. Simple gene expression.Great simple animation showing how genes are expressed by producing proteins. 20 facts about the human genome.If you had to recite it at one letter per second for 24 hours a day, how much time would you take? Gender testing of female athletes.Verifying a person's gender may be harder than you think. Find out why… Genetic engineering.Great presentation on the Human Genome Project, selective breeding through time, genetic manipulation of wild types, examples and ethical issues. What have we learned from the Human Genome Project?The Human Genome Project was launched in 1990 to learn how the 3.2 billion base pairs contained in the human genome are ordered. But, what are the benefits of this? So, do you really want to know?At-home personal genomics kits are available and affordable, but how relevant are the results? Genetic testing.Learn how Genetic testing can help to prevent hereditary diseases and what are the main concerns that these techniques arise. You can try the revision test here. Gene therapy, cloning and stem cells.Learn the basics of some of the hottest topics in Genetics from BBC Bitesize. You can take the revision test here and even try an interactive activity. How DNA Evidence Works.In the last few years, DNA evidence has started to play a big part in many nations' criminal justice systems. Learn how DNA evidence is scientifically achieved. Fighting hunger with flood-tolerant rice.Learn how genetic manipulation of the most eaten food in the world can help over two billion people to survive. 'Alien' genes escape into wild corn.Now it's official: genes from genetically modified corn have escaped into wild varieties in rural Mexico. Trial begins for HIV gene therapy.Learn how a dead simple technique, based on the use of special DNA-cutting enzymes, could immunize people against HIV. For the first time, geneticists diagnose disease through whole-genome analysis.A differrent approach to gene sequencing proves cheaper, faster and useful in medicine. 'Artificial life' breakthrough announced by scientists.20 May 2010: scientists in the US have succeeded in developing the first living cell to be controlled entirely by synthetic DNA. The 5 current genetic experiments most likely to destroy Humanity.If there's one thing scientists have a knack for, it's turning seemingly innocent things into horrifying specters of terror. Here are some examples. Cloning.Simple and clear animation showing the main steps to take in animal cloning. How cloning works.Simple and easy to understand introduction to cloning in plants, animals and humans. How human cloning will work.Today, after more than a decade since Dolly, human cloning remains in its infancy and under governmental restraints. Nevertheless, science is headed in that direction. Learn how the inevitable human cloning future will be. 5 most cloned animals.Sure you know about Dolly, but what about Snuppy and CC? They're not all magazine cover models, but they are notable clones. What are the five go-to species that scientists clone? Extinct ibex is resurrected by cloning.Learn how clonig techniques could help to regenerate extinct species. First camel clone born in Dubai.Scientists in Dubai say they have created the world's first cloned camel. Human embryonic stem cells.Excellent and very comprehensive animation showing everything you need to know about human stem cells. All about stem cells.Every cell in your body was, at one point, a stem cell. Because they can grow into almost any kind of tissue, stem cells hold remarkable medical promise and spark contentious debate. 3. The Evolution of Living Matter4. Natural History of the EarthFossils.Very simple animation showing how a fish can turn into a fossil. How the discovery of geologic time changed our view of the world.We now know that the Earth is some 4.5 by old. But what did they think in the past? How do scientists determine the age of dinosaur bones?Learn about the techniques of radiometric dating. International Stratigraphic Chart 2008.The state of the art in geochronology. Latest version is always available at the International Commission on Stratigraphy website. Global paleogeographic view.Google Earth file showing continental drift in the last 600 million years. Wikipedia: History of the Earth.Wikipedia's article on the History of the Earth. History of the Earth in 60 seconds.An amazing video experiment in scale, condensing 4.6 billion years of History into a minute. Tree of Life.Simple video that shows how Life, branching off of simple unicellular bacteria, evolved up to current forms of Life. 7 major "missing links".Seven of the most important fossils that show evolution in action. Paleontology's most famous missing links.Again, a close look at some famous transition fossils, from Archaeopteryx to Ida. Mass extinctions.Wonderful interactive lesson to teach you about the major mass extinctions in Earth's history, from the "Oxygen holocaust" to the one that almost killed off Mankind 73,000 years ago. Toxic gases caused world's worst extinction.Learn how a supervolcano that rained Hell on Earth 250 million years ago, could have killed 90 percent of all life and be responsible of the Permian mass extinction. Fossil fragments reveal 500-million-year-old monster predator.Learn how new studies on old fossils have turned Hurdia victoria into a possible ancestor of all arthropods. Giant sauropod dinosaur found in Spain.News of the 2006 discovery of the huge Turiasaurus riodevensis in Teruel, Spain. What is the last common ancestor?If you suddenly find yourself in the company of paleoanthropologists or swamped by news of the latest hominid fossil find, there's a good chance you'll hear the phrase last common ancestor. But what is this enigmatic person or thing? How did humans develop?A great brief review of the History of Paleoanthropology. Puzzling together human origins.The History of Paleoanthropology in photos, starting with the discovery of the first Neanderthal fossils, back in 1856. Early human phylogeny.Easy-to-read guide to many of our biped ancestors. Cavemen facts.BBC's fact pages about hominids. Fossil finds extend human story.The assessment of the 4.4-million-year-old animal called Ardipithecus ramidus, that may be a direct ancestor to our species, has been reported by researchers. Wikipedia: Timeline of Human Evolution.From primates (and beyond) to Homo sapiens sapiens. What separates humans from chimps and other apes?When we stare at gorillas and chimpanzees, we see aspects of ourselves: the bestial, the innocent, the savage and the adorable. And the truth is that we actually have a great deal in common with apes. Learn how much and what makes us different. Top 10 signs of evolution in modern man.Through history, as natural selection played its part in the development of modern man, many of the useful functions and parts of the human body become unnecessary. What is most fascinating is that many of these parts of the body still remain in some form so we can see the progress of evolution. This list covers the ten most significant evolutionary changes that have taken place, leaving signs behind them. Are humans still evolving?Modern Homo sapiens is still evolving. Despite the long-held view that natural selection has ceased to affect humans because almost everybody now lives long enough to have children, a new study of a contemporary Massachusetts population offers evidence of evolution still in action. 7 evolutionary leftovers in the human body.Vestigial organs and structures, once useful in an ancestor and now diminished in size, complexity, and/or utility, carry important information and give us clues to our evolutionary past. Why we are as we are.Can Darwin's insights explain human behaviour and be used profitably by policy makers? The human animal.A brilliant BBC mini-series documentary by zoologist Desmond Morris that takes an extended look at the curious creatures known as Homo sapiens. The link takes you to the first episode, but you can also watch the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth parts. Beautiful and fascinating. 5. Plant PhysiologyPlant nutrition.To understand plant nutrition, with particular attention given to the role of photosynthesis. You can print the lesson text and read a glossary. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. (N.B.: In case your browser freezes, use Firefox and click on "Block Script" when asked). Photosynthesis in green plants.Great presentation on plant cells, chloroplasts, the chemical process of photosynthesis, its limiting factors and more. The world of plants: photosynthesis.Plants use chloroplasts to capture photons and use the energy to make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Starch in leaf test.Step by step test for starch produced by photosynthesis in a leave. Transpiration.Very detailed interactive animation showing how transpiration takes place in plants and which are the factors that have an influence on it. You can also read the lesson text. Wikipedia: potometer.Learn how to make a potometer and to use it to measure plant transpiration. Plant transport.To understand how plants absorb water and minerals, and how they transport these substances. You can print the lesson text and read a glossary. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. (N.B.: In case your browser freezes, use Firefox and click on "Block Script" when asked). Xylem transport (I).Very comprehensive animation showing how xylem sap is pumped from the roots to the leaves of a plant. Xylem transport (II).Another great animation on the water movement up the xylem. Plant biology: making eggs.The life cycle of flowering plants begins with the production of eggs; when fertilized, these eggs will develop into seeds that will eventually become a new plant. Plant biology: making pollen.Anther cells produce four haploid microspores, which divide to eventually form the haploid pollen cells. Plant biology: pollination and fertilization.Insects usually assist in the fertilization of flowering plants. Fertilization occurs when one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus. Other sperms form the endosperm by fusing with egg cells. Seed dispersal.Flowering plants reproduce themselves by producing seeds, which provide the plants with a way to spread out and grow in new places, sometimes a long way from the parent. Learn how. Plant biology: germination and growth.During germination, the embryo of the seed starts to grow. Roots form first, followed by the pushing up of leaves. Flower structures, plant breeding, cross pollination, making crosses.This animations illustrates the structures of a flower, plant breeding, cross pollination and making crosses. The new science of fall colors.The secrets of why leaves of trees change yellow or red in the autumn are slowly being revealed. 6. Dynamics of EcosystemsEarth Knowledge.Environment news portal that draws in news stories about the Earth taken from the worlds best scientific and environmental research and news agencies, and plots the information on a map. Ecology.To understand the environment, with emphasis on the effects of pollution and the role of conservation on the environment. You can print the lesson text and read a glossary. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. (N.B.: In case your browser freezes, use Firefox and click on "Block Script" when asked). Populations.To understand populations and how organisms adapt to survive in a particular habitat. You can print the lesson text and read a glossary. Interactive lesson at Skoool.co.uk. (N.B.: In case your browser freezes, use Firefox and click on "Block Script" when asked). Flow of energy and elements through the enviroment.Great presentation on trophic levels, food chains, food webs, element cycles, global warming and more. EPA - Climate change - Kids site.US Environmental Protection Agency presents an easy-to-understand introduction to climate change. With diagrams and animations. BBC - Climate change.BBC guide to Climate Change: lots of resources that include reviews, analysis, news and more. Special report: Climate change.New Scientist extensive collection of resources to take you through a deep insight on climate change. To not to get lost, you may want to start with the "Expert guide", the "FAQ" or the "Timeline". How global warming works.Learn what global warming is, what causes it, what its current effects are and what the future effects could be. Earth's changing climate.Two maps from NationalGeographic.com that show how temperatures are rising and how precipitations are dropping out. Climate change in our world.Google Earth file showing how climate change and global temperature rises could affect our world over the next 100 years. Wildlife and global warming.Eight animal species to be dramatically impacted by global warming. Will climate change spread disease?A recent study suggesting that climate change might not spread tropical diseases far and wide after all has spurred a hot debate on the topic. Global warming: Reasons why it might not actually exist.Sceptics have long argued that there are other explanations for climate change other than man-made CO2 and here we look at some of the arguments put forward by those who believe that global warming is all a hoax. What happened to global warming?This title may come as a bit of a surprise, so too might the fact that the warmest year recorded globally was not in 2008 or 2007, but in 1998. But it is true. Climate scepticism: the top 10.What are some of the reasons why "climate sceptics" dispute the evidence that human activities are bringing potentially dangerous changes to the Earth's climate, ant their counter-arguments? Ozone hole watch.Where you can check on the latest status of the ozone layer over the South Pole. Water treatment process.Follow a drop of water from the source through the treatment process. Be hydro-logical.Find out what you can do to help preserve this precious resource. Go Green: conserve water.Video teaching about how water is wasted and what we can do to prevent this problem in our houses. Black tides: the worst oil spills in history.Google Earth file showing information about the 50 worst oil spills, from tanker accidents and drilling operations, as well as a number of other notable spills. Plastic bags a major problem for marine wildlife.A new study by Dalhousie University in Canada sheds light on an alarming threat to marine life and plastic debris. Tropical rainforests: deforestation.More than 5 million acres of rain forests have been destroyed by logging, urbanization, and highways, harming the intricate balance of the forest and potentially adversely affecting the world's climate. Pesticides, fertilizers linked to frog decline.You might have heard about the decline in reptiles and amphibians. And news are that this is tightly linked to the human impact on the ecosystems. No more fish in the sea.Per capita fish consumption has nearly doubled in the last 50 years. The problem is that there may not be any more fish if we keep catching and consuming them at this rate. Fuel use of various modes of transportation.Is a plane more efficient than a Prius? The story of stuff.A 20 minutes long video explaining how a consumerism-based economy is screwing up your life and everyone else's. 7. The Earth's Internal EnergyEarthquakes in Geography4kids.What, why and how of the earthquakes. The science of earthquakes.The basic scientific facts behind the earthquakes. How earthquakes work.A very comprehensive review on earthquakes, from their causes to their effects. With photos and a video. The science of earthquake prediction.Seismology is the science of earthquake prediction. Learn how it is done. Earthquakes in the last 24 hours.Google Map to display earthquakes around the world that have occurred in the last 24 hours. On first loading the map will animate through the mapped earthquakes, starting from the most recent. You can stop the animation at any time simply by pressing the forward or back buttons. The information window for each quake displays the size of the earthquake and the time of occurrence. Last 2 Weeks eartquakes worldwide.Google Earth file showing the earthquakes that have taken place in the last two weeks around the world. Explore a virtual volcano.Learn all the basic facts about volcanoes through a visual approach. Volcano maker.Build your own fire-spewing volcano and watch it erupt. Volcanoes in Geography4kids.Types and structure; the lava and its flow. Volcanoes.An easy to understand on-line book by the U.S. Geological Survey. Volcanoes of the world.Google Earth file showing over 1550 volcanoes around the world. The top 10 volcanic eruptions.Photo gallery of some of the biggest blasts in History. Interactives: Dynamic Earth.Excellent lesson on plate tectonics with interactive activities and good coverage of the following topics: Earth's structure, plate tectonics and plate boundaries. The Earth and Plate Tectonics.Excellent presentation on the rock cycle, types of rocks, structure of the Earth, tectonic dynamics, volcanoes, earthquakes, atmosphere, carbon cycle and global warming. Structure of the Geosphere in Geography4kids.Learn how the Geosphere is structured by density; know the name of some of its parts and forms. Tectonic plates in Geography4kids.What are they and how do they behave. Plate tectonics in a nutshell.A simple starting point for exploring plate tectonics. Plate tectonics.A great set of investigations and visualizations at Exploring Earth online book. The story of plate tectonics.A comprehensive on-line book by the U.S. Geological Survey. This dynamic planet.World map of volcanoes, earthquakes, impact craters, and plate tectonics. The Earth in 250 million years.Have a look at the state of the continents in 250 my time. Tectonic plates and plate boundaries.Google Earth's file showing the locations of the plates and their boundaries in the Earth's crust. Wegener's continental drift.Animation that shows how continents have been shifting in the past 250 my, since the last Pangea. Bullard's fit of continents.Animation that shows how continents fit almost perfectly in the base of the continental rise. Sea floor spreading.Animation that shows how the seabed has been spreading out in the past 250 my, since the last Pangea. 5 enormous cracks.Or ginormous. All of them due to tectonic boundaries. Types of rocks in Geography4kids.Learn the main features of the three types of rocks. Observe igneous volcanic rocks forming.Visualize how a basalt rock is formed after the cooling of lava at Exploring Earth online book. Observe metamorphic rocks forming.Visualize how a metamorphic rock is formed after heavy pressure at Exploring Earth online book. 8. The Earth's External Energy |
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